吉他入门:攻破难点,学习吉他也可以这么简单！

　　很多零基础自学吉他的朋友们，一定遇到过无数个自己想不通猜不透的难题。一旦这些问题得不到好的解决，在起点就会走很大的弯路，并且它们会影响你一生的演奏习惯。我们今天就挑选两个常见的难点问题为大家解决！

　　 要点一： 持琴姿势

　　首先，上手之前先规范你的姿势，这里有“三点”要注意

　　1.琴腰下面的弧度，放在右侧大腿上；

　　2.琴背板上侧弧度，靠在胸口；

　　3.琴身大圆部分上侧弧度，把右臂肘关节轻轻放在上面。

　　*达到 “三点支撑” 可以让我们非常稳定的把吉他放在自己的身上

　　关于右手拨弦☟☟

　　【标准姿势示范】

　　放在音孔后半段和琴桥之前的区域手型半握拳，大拇指方向是食指的第一关节，但是不要捏紧。稍微打开点，放在琴弦上。

　　什么是“两角两线”？

　　关于两线：

　　第一条直线：从正面看的时候，从肘关节到中指的关节是一条直线！

　　【✔✔】

　　【扭曲的话，则是错误✘✘】

　　第二条直线：从中指关节到手臂肘关节的连线，是一个相对平直的直线！

　　【✔✔】

　　【塌腕✘✘】

　　【拱手腕✘✘】

　　关于两角：（还是先要保持半握拳姿态）

　　1.三根手指拨弦的角度：

　　食指、中指、无名指拨弦的时候，从接触弦到离开琴弦的那一刻基本上和琴弦划了一道45°的斜线。✔

　　拨弦时，手指从外侧拨向手心

　　（注：千万不能成直角或倾斜的角度特别大✘）

　　【食指、中指、无名指的运行轨迹图】

　　2.拇指运动的方向与角度：

　　拇指拨弦时，接触弦到离开弦的过程也是一个斜线。拇指打向食指的第一关节。

　　【拇指运行轨迹图 30°左右】

爬格子要领掌握

　　徐又-示范标准爬格子练习

　　爬格子这个练习看似简单，但是如果不按标准去爬，反倒是做无用功。以下是示范视频中讲到的要点：

　　1）右手拨弦

　　需要注意的是，当弹到1、2、3弦时，我们不用大拇指去拨弦，而是用食指和中指进行轮拨。

　　2）左手：“保留手指”与“预备手指”

　　上行爬格要求“保留手指”，即在中指落下按弦的时候，食指并不抬起离开，其余手指，以此类推。而下行爬格则要求“预备手指”，即小指按弦的时候，无名指同时落在琴弦品格上，做好下一个音的准备，此时只要小指抬起，无名指所按的音，早已准备就绪，中指和食指，以此类推。

　　3）左右手的同步

　　如果右手在左手落在琴弦上之前就拨响琴弦，弹出来的音不“响”；假如左手在右手拨弦之前，先落在琴弦上，那么左手会造成一个“打弦”的声音。这些都是脏音，都是不可取的。所以，左右手的同步，意味着左手落在琴弦上的同时，右手拨弦。每一个音都是如此。

　　自学者容易犯的错误和解决办法

　　1）为什么我的小指总是够不到？

　　左手手臂肘关节夹紧，手腕放好，爬格子的时候只动手指。一定要避免一开始手臂没有夹紧，弹到左手小指按弦的时候，发现手够不到了，才把手腕又转过来的错误习惯。

　　2）为什么我弹的音“一断一断的”？

　　要做好这一步，必须建立在上一步摆好“左手的正确姿态”上，只有左手在放松状态下按弦，才能顺畅连续地弹响每一个音。

　　3）标准练习练厌倦了怎么办？

　　不要把爬格子练得太死，爬格子是为了提高手指灵活性和左右手配合能力。所以除了标准练习之外，还可以试试以下变化:

　　徐又-爬格子的拓展练习

　　4）练音阶还是练爬格子？

　　这个是讨论最多的问题了。

　　相邻四品的爬格练习，稍作改动，便可以成为所谓的“音阶”，某种意义上，爬格练习更像是音阶练习的“预科班”，并不矛盾。初学者在学习音阶之前需要一定的左手机能作为基础，这刚好是爬格练习存在的价值。

　　5）要不要开节拍器？节拍器开多少速度？

　　单音跟随节拍器，是最基本的节奏练习，为什么不在爬格的时候，就开始做呢？花同样的时间，尽可能同时多练一些，各方面能力同时培养，是最经济实惠的。

　　节拍器从60bpm开始，每响一下，弹一个音。在确定每个音符都演奏的饱满连贯之后，慢慢地提升练习速度。

　　6）爬格子的时候手腕会酸疼，这是正常的吗？

　　在练习任何乐器演奏时，一旦有酸痛或者任何身体上的不适，立刻停止，查找原因，这绝对是姿态上发生了一些隐藏错误导致的。最终都会发现一点，姿态的变形扭曲，普遍是因为本动作要领上的错误，比如：小指弹到1弦4品时，依旧像演奏6弦时那样，伸得很直，这会导致手腕向前送，加大了手腕弯曲的角度，酸痛感接踵而至。

　　7）练习爬格子应该保持什么样的时间频次？

　　爬格对于初学者，是每天必练的，是一种极好的 Warm Up 热身，放在整个练习过程的最开始，跟随节拍器，不用太久，20分钟左右即可。如果一天中练琴时间比较分散，那么每次练琴前，都可以做一些爬格练习，5分钟，10分钟，均可，需要根据自己手指的状态而定。

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